v'. 


MODERN 


BARNS 


J.E.PORTER  CO. 

OTTAWA.  IIA.U.SA. 


The  efficient  barn 

A  Book  of  Service 


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J.  E.  PORTER  COMPANY 

OTTAWA,  ILL.,  U.  S.  A. 


FREE  PLANNING  SERVICE 


HE  average  dairyman  or  farmer  builds  one  barn  in  his 
career.  It  is  policy  then  to  give  such  a  building  calling 
for  an  expenditure  of  several  thousand  dollars,  and  which  is  to 
serve  one  or  more  generations,  something  more  than  casual 
consideration. 

The  purpose  of  this  book,  which  is  issued  in  conjunction  with 
our  free  planning  service,  is  to  furnish  the  farmer  and  contrac¬ 
tor  with  practical  information  on  the  subject  of  new  and  re¬ 
modeled  barns.  We  have  endeavored  to  present  the  funda¬ 
mental  principles  in  a  definite  and  clear  manner,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  interested  parties  may  derive  some  good  from  our 
efforts.  This  plan  book  will  appeal  to  the  farmer,  since  it 
enables  him  to  more  readily  determine  the  size  and  general 
characteristics  of  the  barn  he  proposes  to  build.  It  will  like¬ 
wise  be  of  value  to  the  contractor  or  carpenter,  for  he  is  vitally 
interested  in  anticipating  the  wants  of  the  farmer  and  becom¬ 
ing  familiar  with  modern  methods  and  practice. 

By  referring  to  subsequent  pages,  it  will  be  noted  that  the 
complete  detailed  drawings  of  a  practical,  sanitary  barn  are 
shown.  This  particular  building  will  obviously  not  meet  the 
needs  of  all  farmers,  but  from  the  data  submitted,  the  problem 
of  the  new  barn  and  its  equipment  is  greatly  simplified.  All 
conditions  relating  to  floor  plan  arrangements  cannot  be  cov¬ 
ered  in  this  book;  we,  however,  show  the  plans  of  several  barns 
of  various  sizes  which  will  assist  in  a  general  way  in  deter¬ 
mining  the  space  required  to  house  the  stock  in  the  most 
economical  and  practical  manner. 

We  maintain  a  department  which  renders  free  service  in  the 
nature  of  detailed  blue  prints,  these  being  prepared  from 


information  submitted  on  special  blanks,  which  are  furnished 
on  application.  Our  reason  for  using  a  standard  blank  is  to 
facilitate  matters,  since  in  order  to  give  intelligent  service  and 
suggestions,  we  must  have  the  complete  data  regarding  the 
barn.  There  is  absolutely  no  obligation  or  expense  involved, 
and  owing  to  the  varied  and  practical  experience  our  experts 
have  had  in  designing  barns  for  all  localities,  you  are  assured 
the  most  modern  and  efficient  methods.  The  floor  space  will 
be  utilized  to  best  advantage  and  your  own  ideas  will  be  incor¬ 
porated  if  desired. 

Mistakes  are  not  easily  rectified  after  the  barn  is  under  way, 
and  these  are  eliminated  if  sufficient  thought  and  attention  is 
given  the  plans  before  the  actual  work  of  construction  is  under¬ 
taken.  It  is  reasonable  to  think  that  our  men  can  assist  you 
materially  in  this  work,  and  you  need  only  to  ask  for  the 
information.  A  knowledge  of  conditions  and  requirements 
enables  us  to  offer  many  suggestions  which  mean  much  to  the 
man  who  uses  the  barn. 

When  desired,  we  furnish  complete  plans  with  bill  of  mate¬ 
rial,  there  being  a  reasonable  charge  commensurate  with  the 
labor  required  to  prepare  them.  A  large  number  of  such 
complete  plans  are  on  file,  and  all  details  covering  the  construc¬ 
tion  have  been  carefully  considered. 

It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  this  planning  service,  and  we 
repeat  that  no  obligation  or  expense  is  incurred  by  so  doing. 
We  solicit  the  opportunity  of  serving  you  and  invite  your 
inquiries. 

J.  E.  PORTER  COMPANY, 

OTTAWA,  ILLINOIS,  U.  S.  A. 


THE  NEW  BARN 


fundamental  points  requiring  consideration  in  build- 
,  J  ing  a  barn  are  as  follows:  The  location,  size  and  arrange¬ 
ment;  proper  drainage  facilities;  practical  construction,  abun¬ 
dant  light  and  adequate  ventilation;  labor-saving  and  sanitary 
equipment,  and,  finally,  the  accomplishment  of  these  with 
the  minimum  expenditure. 


The  first  thing  to  be  decided  upon  is  the  location  of  the  barn. 
It  is  important  that  the  site  selected  furnishes  an  opportunity 
for  surface  water  to  escape  quickly.  No  building  should  be 
constructed  without  careful  study  being  given  the  question  of 
proper  drainage,  and  this  is  extremely  necessary  in  connection 
with  a  barn.  Many  diseases  on  the  farm  are  traced  directly  to 
contaminated  pools  of  water  in  the  barnyard.  Sanitation  is 
receiving  more  and  more  attention,  and  there  is  little  excuse 
for  unsanitary  conditions,  owing  to  the  authentic  data  avail¬ 
able  for  all  farmers. 

When  possible,  there  should  be  sufficient  space  between  the 
various  buildings  to  reduce  the  fire  hazard  to  a  negligible  quan¬ 
tity  except  in  the  case  of  a  high  wind.  The  arrangement 
should  be  compact,  however,  since  much  time  can  be  saved  in 
going  from  one  building  to  another.  Care  should  be  exercised 
not  to  use  more  land  for  buildings  than  necessary,  the  reason 
for  this  being  obvious. 

The  size  and  floor  plan  arrangement  are  largely  determined 
by  the  owner,  although  the  numerous  plans  in  another  part  of 
this  book  will  assist  in  this  respect.  Local  conditions  must  be 
considered,  but  our  planning  department  can  render  many  sug¬ 
gestions  of  value  which  are  appreciated  by  both  owner  and 
contractor. 


The  plank  frame  construction  is  becoming  more  popular 
each  day,  and  there  are  several  excellent  reasons  for  building 
in  this  manner.  First,  a  saving  in  the  cost  of  lumber  is  pos¬ 
sible,  since  two-inch  planks  cost  considerably  less  than  heavier 
timbers;  the  roof  can  be  made  self-supporting,  thereby  elimi¬ 
nating  many  heavy  braces  which  interfere  with  haying;  last, 
the  building  can  be  completed  in  considerably  less  time  than 
where  the  heavy  frame  method  is  used. 

The  trusses  are  built  on  the  ground  and  later  raised  in  posi¬ 
tion  with  the  aid  of  a  gin  pole.  The  number  and  size  of  these 
depend,  of  course,  on  the  size  and  height  of  the  barn.  Each 
truss  is  complete  in  itself,  and  the  various  timbers  should  be 
carefully  bolted  and  spiked  together.  Detailed  drawings,,  are 
shown  on  page  19,  which  will  indicate  the  method  of  framing  a 
barn  of  this  character.  Some  builders  may  prefer  the  braced 
rafter  construction,  wherein  each  rafter  is  braced  and  forms  a 
truss  in  itself. 

We  advocate  the  use  of  steel  columns  to  support  the  hay 
mow  floor,  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  these  in  various  sizes 
and  lengths.  Such  columns  are  exceedingly  strong,  very  sani¬ 
tary,  and  exclude  less  light  and  air  than  wood  supports,  since 
they  can  be  smaller  in  diameter  to  support  the  same  load. 

In  the  case  of  dairy  barns,  these  columns  harmonize  with 
sanitary  fixtures,  and  therefore  are  desirable  from  this  stand¬ 
point. 

Our  experts  will  cheerfully  furnish  assistance  regarding  any 
phase  of  your  new  or  remodeled  barn,  and  such  aid  places  you 
to  no  expense.  Write  in  detail,  or,  better  still,  ask  for  an 
inquiry  blank  which  indicates  the  data  we  must  have 


VENTILATION 


N  adequate  means  of  removing  foul  air  and  replacing  it 
with  properly  diffused  pure  air  is  now  recognized  as  essen¬ 
tial  in  barns  containing  livestock.  Oxygen  must  be  supplied 
in  sufficient  quantities,  and  the  waste  gases  containing  excess 
moisture  must  be  exhausted  from  the  building. 

With  this  as  an  established  principle,  the  problem  confront¬ 
ing  the  contractor  and  farmer  is  to  determine  what  degree  of 
ventilation  is  necessary  and  how  to  accomplish  it  in  a  practical 
manner.  The  first  point  to  remember  is  that  warm  air  rises 
and  will,  therefore,  be  found  near  the  ceiling  of  the  barn.  In 
order  to  retain  the  heat  in  the  winter,  the  incoming  air  should 
enter  at  the  ceiling  and  thus  be  tempered  before  reaching  the 
animals.  By  referring  to  the  opposite  page,  these  fresh-air 
registers  and  ducts  will  be  noted,  the  arrows  indicating  the 
direction  the  current  of  air  takes. 

The  flues  which  convey  the  impure  air  from  the  barn  should 
be  as  nearly  perpendicular  as  possible,  of  proper  size,  and  so 
located  that  they  insure  complete  ventilation  with  no  dead  air 
spots.  All  fresh  and  foul  air  flues  should  be  lined  and  made  as 
nearly  airtight  as  possible.  We  believe  that  better  results 
are  obtained  when  the  cows  head  in  than  when  they  face  the 
outer  walls,  since  the  foul  air  flues  can  be  placed  at  proper  in¬ 
tervals  along  the  side  walls;  in  the  other  case,  these  flues  can 
only  be  situated  at  the  two  ends  of  the  building,  unless  floor 
space  is  sacrificed  for  them  in  the  center  of  the  barn.  This  is  a 
matter  for  the  owner  to  decide,  and  both  methods  are  shown. 

In  determining  the  total  area  of  foul  air  flues,  allow  one 
square  foot  for  each  four  cows  or  three  horses.  In  other  words, 
if  the  barn  is  to  house  twenty-four  cows,  the  combined  area  of 


foul  air  flues  should  be  six  square  feet.  From  this  amount 
determine  the  number  of  flues  desired,  observing  that  each 
ventilator  has  a  capacity  of  two  foul  air  flues,  provided  the  latter 
are  placed  one  on  either  side  of 
the  barn.  The  flues  should  ex¬ 
tend  to  within  eighteen  or 
twenty-four  inches  of  the  floor, 
and  the  net  area  must  be  con¬ 
stant. 

The  combined  area  of  the 
fresh  air  registers  should  be  ten 
percent  more  than  the  total  area 
of  foul  air  flues.  Determine  this 
amount  and  then  decide  on  the 
number  of  registers,  as  also  the 
size  of  each.  These  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  either  square  or  rectang¬ 
ular  in  shape  and  in  practically 
all  sizes. 

The  fresh  air  registers  should 
be  distributed  along  the  sides  of 
the  barn,  the  distance  between 
them  not  exceeding  fourteen  feet. 

A  common  size  register  is  8x12 
inches,  although  conditions  will 
and  size  to  be  used.  Be  particular  in  figuring  the  ventilation 
system,  since  nothing  is  more  disheartening  than  a  new  barn 
with  inadequate  ventilation  and  its  resulting  bad  effects. 

Send  us  your  ventilation  problems,  and  we  will  gladly  assist 
you  in  securing  an  efficient  installation. 


<» 


PORTER  VENTILATORS 
Sizes,  20",  24",  27",  30",  36" 
(Give  Pitch  of  Roof  in  Ordering.) 


determine  both  the  number 


Page  Four 


PORTER 


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Page  F*ve 


PRACTICAL  AND  SANITARY  BARN  EQUIPMENT 


HE  barn  on  an  up-to-date  farm  is  the  workshop  of  the 
dairyman  or  farmer,  and  as  such  must  be  conveniently 
arranged  and  contain  modern  and  efficient  equipment.  It  is 
important  that  this  equipment  be  of  a  strictly  practical  nature 
so  that  it  may  reduce  the  operating  expense  to  the  minimum, 
and  enable  the  stock  to  give  best  results. 

Steel  barn  fixtures  require  no  more  skill  for  installing  than 
do  the  cumbersome  and  unsanitary  devices  made  of  wood. 
No  carpenter  will  dispute  the  statement  that  steel  equipment 
is  vastly  more  durable  than  wood,  and  at  the  same  time  more 
pleasing  in  appearance.  Furthermore,  the  increased  sani¬ 
tary  conditions  obtainable,  the  permanence  of  the  outfit,  the 
better  light  and  ventilation,  all  are  points  which  the  farmer 
of  today  must  needs  consider  in  order  to  be  on  equal  footing 
with  his  neighbor. 

Labor  is  a  very  important  item  on  the  farm,  as  elsewhere; 
therefore,  any  equipment  which  causes  a  reduction  in  this  ex¬ 
pense  is  necessarily  an  asset  of  the  most  valuable  kind.  By 
using  modern  fixtures,  the  animals  may  readily  be  kept  in  a 
healthy  condition,  due  to  the  increased  comfort  and  more 
sanitary  conditions  made  possible.  Estimate  what  this 
means  in  actual  money  value,  since  science  has  demonstrated 
that  unsanitary  conditions  breed  disease  and  are  directly  re¬ 
sponsible  for  an  annual  heavy  loss  in  stock. 

Porter  barn  equipment  excels  in  two  important  features. 
Each  item  is  essentially  practical  and  simple  in  construction 
and  operation,  and  the  sanitary  requirements  have  been  greatly 
anticipated.  By  eliminating  adjustable  devices  and  attach¬ 
ments  and  carefully  studying  actual  conditions  as  encountered 


on  the  farm,  we  are  able  to  produce  equipment  which  is  at  once 
recognized  as  the  truly  serviceable  type  desired  by  all  dairymen 
and  farmers.  Words  in  themselves  mean  but  little;  however, 
this  statement  carries  a  forceful  meaning,  due  to  the  hundreds 
of  installations  over  the  country  which  demonstrate  in  daily 
use  the  reliability  and  genuine  worth  of  Porter  goods. 

Naturally,  there  are  cheaper  barn  fixtures  on  the  market. 
We  realize  this  fact,  but  prefer  to  maintain  the  high  quality  of 
both  materials  and  workmanship  in  Porter  equipment,  know¬ 
ing  that  this  policy  is  appreciated  by  discriminating  customers. 
In  purchasing  any  commodity,  the  first  cost  is  necessarily  im¬ 
portant,  but  of  far  greater  importance  is  the  knowledge  that 
real  saving  is  effected  by  specifying  the  best  from  the  point  of 
subsequent  results  as  well  as  the  initial  expense. 

Our  special  catalog  devoted  to  PRACTICAL  BARN 
EQUIPMENT  is  furnished  free  upon  request,  and  we  invite 
your  careful  inspection  of  the  equipment,  which  is  fully  illus¬ 
trated  and  described.  The  cuts  are  made  from  actual  photo¬ 
graphs  and  clearly  show  the  clean-cut  simplicity  in  design, 
which  accounts  for  satisfactory  service.  A  number  of  installa¬ 
tions  are  shown  on  page  32,  and  you  may  gain  an  idea  of  the 
appearance  of  your  barn  when  properly  fitted  with  Porter 
equipment.  Write  today  and  investigate  the  possibilities 
which  await  you. 

We  manufacture  a  complete  line  of  Haying  Tools  and  Barn 
Door  Hangers,  and  catalogs  will  be  mailed  promptly  to  inter¬ 
ested  parties.  The  many  desirable  features  which  distinguish 
Porter  Barn  Equipment  will  also  be  found  to  prevail  in  these 
products. 


CONCRETE 


HE  value  of  concrete  in  modern  building  construction 
cannot  be  too  highly  estimated.  Needless  to  say,  the 
many  advantages  this  macerial  has  over  that  which  was  pre¬ 
viously  used  for  the  same  purpose,  long  since  attracted  the 
attention  of  farm  contractors,  with  the  result  that  they  are 
using  it  in  all  new  and  remodeled  barns.  Concrete  is  sanitary, 
permanent,  economical  and  easy  to  handle;  this  knowledge 
naturally  is  of  interest  to  the  practical  builder. 

The  method  of  making  concrete  foundations,  piers,  etc.,  is 
clear  to  all  contractors  who  use  this  material.  The  standard 
cow  stall  floor  is  something  different  from  the  ordinary  prac¬ 
tice,  and  a  few  words  of  explanation  will  doubtless  not  be 
amiss.  Fig.  688  shows  a  cross  section  of  the  stall,  and  the 
dimensions  are  clearly  indicated.  The  platform  usually  is 
four  feet  six  inches  in  length  for  an  average  dairy  cow,  although 
this  may  be  lengthened  or  shortened  as  necessary  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  particular  animals  confined.  The  customary 
mixture  for  the  concrete  is  1 :2 :4,  being  relative  parts  of  cement, 
sand  and  stone  or  gravel.  When  clean  gravel  is  used  contain¬ 
ing  sufficient  sand,  six  parts  may  be  used  to  one  of  cement. 
Cork  brick  are  frequently  used  for  the  stall  floor,  these  being 
resilient,  waterproof  and  warmer  than  the  concrete.  The 
feeding  passage  should  be  nine  inches  higher  than  the  stall 
floor,  since  it  is  considerably  easier  to  feed  from  this  height 
than  on  the  level. 

In  making  an  installation  of  stall  fixtures,  the  first  operation 
is  to  assemble  the  various  pieces  of  tubing,  fittings,  etc., 
according  to  detailed  blue  prints,  which  are  furnished  with  the 
equipment.  This  is  a  simple  matter,  since  the  fittings  are 


readily  clamped  in  their  proper  positions.  After  carefully 
lining  up  the  stalls,  build  the  wood  forms  for  the  curb,  etc., 
taking  care  that  proper  allowances  are  made  for  finished  work 
according  to  blue  prints.  Usually  the  curb  is  poured  first, 

Bottom  ef  top  ran  ' 

1  s 


Fig.  688.  (Toy&e).  Standard  Cow  Stall  Section 


the  manger,  gutter  and  stall  floor  following  in  the  order  de¬ 
sired.  The  main  point,  however,  is  to  have  the  stalls  perfectly 
aligned  and  braced  before  filling  the  forms  with  concrete.  A 
permanently  satisfactory  job  is  thus  assured,  and  no  part  of 
the  stall  is  strained  or  weakened. 


Page  Seven 


Page  Eight 


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nw  F^oor  PlaM  or  3/\kH  No.  1^8 


Page  Thirty 


SILO  DATA 


QRACTICALLY  all  dairy  barns  have  one  or  more  silos 
built  adjacent  to  them,  since  ensilage  has  been  acknowl¬ 
edged  an  important  foodstuff  for  dairy  animals.  There  is  a 
natural  hesitancy  on  the  part  of  many  farmers  in  keeping  much 
live  stock  on  the  farm  in  winter,  since  they  fear  the  probable 
cost  of  feeding,  which  formerly  was  quite  an  item.  The  silo 
has  made  possible  a  succulent,  nourishing  food  which  is  easily 
assimilated  and  relished  by  most  farm  animals,  cattle  in  par¬ 
ticular.  This  should  encourage  the  dairy  industry,  since  the 
problem  of  securing  satisfactory  food  in  sufficient  quantities 


during  the  winter  season  has  been  solved.  In  many  instances 
a  silo  has  paid  for  itself  in  one  season,  and  farmers  are  quick 
to  realize  the  profits  resulting  from  such  an  investment.  It  is 
not  our  purpose  to  dwell  at  length  on  the  respective  merits  of 
various  materials  used  in  silo  construction,  since  the  several 
manufacturers  have  first-hand  information  of  this  nature  which 
they  will  gladly  forward  upon  request. 

We  have,  however,  prepared  a  table  based  upon  data  from  a 
reliable  source,  and  this  will  doubtless  prove  of  value  in  deter¬ 
mining  the  size  of  silo  required. 


Size  of  Silo 

Capacity  in  Tons 

No.  of  Cattle  at 

40  lbs.  per  day 
for  180  days 

No.  of  Acres  of  Corn 
to  fill  Silo 

Size  of  Silo 

Capacity  in  Tons 

No.  of  Cattle  at 

40  lb3.  per  day 
for  180  days 

No.  of  Acres  of  Corn 

to  fill  Silo 

10x20 

10x24 

10x26 

10x30 

12x20 

12x24 

12x26 

12x30 

12x36 

14x22 

14x26 

14x30 

14x36 

20 

36 

40 

48 

45 

55 

60 

75 

105 

66 

80 

100 

130 

9 

11 

12 

14 

13 

15 

16 

19 

27 

19 

23 

25 

31 

2H 

3 

3M 

4 

4 

4^ 

5 

6 

8 

5  Y 

6  Yl 

8  a 

11 

16x22 

16x26 

16x30 

16x36 

18x24 

18x26 

18x30 

18x36 

20x24 

20x26 

20x30 

20x36 

87 

103 

120 

155 

120 

130 

150 

190 

140 

155 

185 

235 

24 

27 

33 

45 

33 

36 

42 

52 

39 

45 

51 

63 

7 

8 

10 

13 

10 

11 

12  M 

16 

12 

14 

15  }4 

19 

The  tonnage  of  corn  varies  considerably  in  different  fields  and  different  years,  but  this  is  based  on  an  average  of  twelve  tons  per  acre. 


Page  Thirty-one 


Page  Thirty-two 


Fig.  690.  (Fubso).  Dairying  Under  Such  Conditions  Is  a  Profitable  Business  Venture 


AVL'RY 

~'4~.  S 


